Emerging Opportunistic Infections
Aeromonas and Stenotrophomonas Complexities in a Geriatric Patient
Keywords:
Aeromonas veronii, Stennotrophomonas maltophilia, Pneumonia, Case Reports, Aged, Opportunistic InfectionsAbstract
This case report discusses the clinical journey of an 86-year-old male with various pre-existing medical conditions. The patient's admission to the hospital due to COVID-19 pneumonia led to a series of critical events, including ICU admissions, respiratory complications, and challenges in managing his preexisting conditions. Throughout his hospital stay, the patient experienced multiple complications, including respiratory difficulties; upper gastrointestinal bleeding; and neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal findings. The administration of different antibiotic regimens based on the results of tracheal secretion cultures was a key aspect of his treatment.
Analysis of the involved microorganisms, such as Aeromonas veronii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, revealed their role as emerging opportunistic pathogens in aquatic and hospital environments. The virulence of these microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance present significant challenges for clinical management. This case underscores the complexity of clinical management in geriatric patients with multiple preexisting medical conditions. The patient's unfortunate demise underscores the inherent difficulties in managing complex clinical cases, particularly in the elderly. Furthermore, the discussion of antimicrobial resistance in S. maltophilia highlights the need for effective treatment strategies and control measures to address the challenges posed by this bacterium.
This case report sheds light on the relevance of disseminating information about emerging opportunistic infections and the complexities they present in geriatric patients.
References
Abd El-Ghany WA. A review on aeromoniasis in poultry: A bacterial disease of zoonotic nature. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2023;17(01): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17186.
Liu F, Yuwono C, Tay ACY, Wehrhahn MC, Riordan SM, Zhang L. Analysis of global Aeromonas veronii genomes provides novel information on source of infection and virulence in human gastrointestinal diseases. BMC genomics. 2022;23(1): 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08402-1.
Wu CJ, Ko WC, Lee NY, Su SL, Li CW, Li MC, et al. Aeromonas Isolates from Fish and Patients in Tainan City, Taiwan: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2019;85(21). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01360-19.
Zhang DX, Kang YH, Song MF, Shu HP, Guo SN, Jia JP, et al. Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Letters in applied microbiology. 2019;69(2): 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13172.
Prediger K de C, Dallagassa CB, Moriel B, Vizzotto BS, Volanski W, Souza EM, et al. Virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria 312M, a clinical isolate. Brazilian journal of microbiology?: [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]. 2020;51(2): 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-019-00180-5.
Alatorre-Fernández CP, Cornejo-Juárez P, Velázquez-Acosta C, Volkow-Fernández P. Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species in patients with cancer: Clinical manifestations and outcomes. Journal of infection in developing countries. 2023;17(3): 359–366. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17530.
Chen YW, Su SL, Li CW, Tsai CS, Lo CL, Syue LS, et al. Pancreaticobiliary Cancers and Aeromonas Isolates Carrying Type ? Secretion System Genes ascF-ascG Are Associated With Increased Mortality: An Analysis of 164 Aeromonas Infection Episodes in Southern Taiwan. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2021;11: 749269. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.749269.
Zhou Y, Yu L, Nan Z, Zhang P, Kan B, Yan D, et al. Taxonomy, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas isolated from extra-intestinal and intestinal infections. BMC infectious diseases. 2019;19(1): 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3766-0.
Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu W, Fang R, Wu Q, He H, et al. Taxonomy, virulence determinants and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. isolated from bacteremia in southeastern China. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control. 2021;10(1): 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00911-0.
Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Mandal NC. Stenotrophomonas. In: Beneficial Microbes in Agro-Ecology. Elsevier; 2020. p. 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823414-3.00020-4. [Accessed 25th August 2023].
Palleroni NJ, Bradbury JF. Stenotrophomonas, a New Bacterial Genus for Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1980) Swings et al. 1983. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1993;43(3): 606–609. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-3-606.
Hugh R, Ryschenkow E. Pseudomonas maltophilia, an Alcaligenes-like Species. Journal of General Microbiology. 1961;26(1): 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-26-1-123.
Parra-Vera HJ, Buele-Chica DC, Farfán-Cano GG, Zúñiga-Vinueza AM. Unraveling the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Insights into an Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen. Microbes, Infection and Chemotherapy. 2023;3: e1893. https://doi.org/10.54034/mic.e1893.
Brooke JS. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2012;25(1): 2–41. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00019-11.
Li L, Huang J, Xu L, Wang G, Xiao S, Xia Z, et al. Severe skin and soft tissue infection in the left upper limb caused by Aeromonas veronii: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2023;17(1): 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-023-03770-y.
Montes Pérez DM, Baez A, Venegas B, Reyes Luna RM de L, Molina Romero D. Resistencia a antibióticos del género Aeromonas, como patógeno oportunista emergente en peces y humanos. REVISTA BIOMÉDICA. 2023;34(2). https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v34i2.1075.
Qu FT, Wang WQ, Liu Q, Zhou HJ, Hu JR, Du XL, et al. Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Species from Food Products in Shanghai, China. Biomedical and environmental sciences?: BES. 2022;35(9): 842–853. https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2022.108.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ciencia Ecuador
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
